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346 New Ladies
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- by pham tang
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 Viet
Nam was 4852 years old on April 28 (the tenth
of the third lunar month) since Chinese Emperor
Ti Ming's heir-designate prince loc tuc came
into power in the meridional territory of china
in 2880 b.c. after he conceded the right to
run china to his brother, prince ti yi, according
to viet nams legend.
- when he succeeded in grouping all the vassal
states within his territory into a unified nation,
loc tuc proclaimed himself king kinh duong vuong
and called his newly-born nation xich quy. loc
tuc inaugurated the earliest monarchical regime
in viet nam with the hong bang dynasty, as the
first ruling family by heirdom in viet nams
history. the hong bang dynasty lasted for 2622
years till 258 bc, legend of viet nam said.
- all the 18 kings who made up the hong bang
dynasty made admirable headway in their efforts
to organize viet nam of yore into one of the
most stabilized, prosperous and civilized nations
in asia at the prehistoric stage. this is the
reason why vietnamese people as a whole now
consider hung kings as their patron saints and
founders of viet nam as a nation right at the
period preceding the human beings recorded
history.
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- developments under the reign of hung kings
largely contributed to the vietnamese folklore.
good morals such as national obligations between
the rulers and their subjects, family obligations
between spouses and between parents and children,
self-improvement through the cultivation of
letters, and beautiful customs such as the practice
of haircut and tattooing in preparing oneself
to go out hunting or fishing, the blackening
of teeth for dental protection, the chewing
of betel along with areca nut and slaked lime,
and wonderful fabulous tales such as son tinh
and thuy tinh (mountain god and aq. god on
proposal), the origin of water-melon and phu
dong thien vuong, the celestial hero, all such
belief's, customs and legends date from the
time of hong bang.
- under the reign of king kinh duong vuong,
the xich quy kingdom stretched from the near
bank of the yang tse kiang to the southernmost
area now called quang tri, adjacent to ho ton
(champa), including the yunnan, kweichow, hunan,
kwangsi and kwangtung provinces of china.
- succeeding king kinh duong vuong was the latters
only son, prince lac long quan who married au
co of the fairy lineage. of this union, legend
said, queen au co laid a 100-egg pouch giving
life to 100 sons who looked just alike, physically
and ethnically as well.
- to determine who is the royal heir and at
the same time the seniority among the brothers,
a lots drawing was held by the king and as a
result, hung lang was legal successor, legend
said.
- later, when the children came to years of
discretion, king lac long quan suggested to
queen au co to live apart, each with 50 of their
children.
- "as you are of the fairy lineage, and mountains
and highlands are of your domain while i am
of the dragon descent and lowland and, rivers
and seas are my field of action, we had better
depart from each other for the sake of the future
of xich quy," the king said, according to legend.
- queen au co accepted the suggestion and went
westwards along with 50 children while king
lac long quan was bound down east with 49 of
his beloved, hung lang, the kings heir remaining
in phong chau, xich quys capital, and reigning
over the whole kingdom.
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- contemporary vietnamese historians have accredited
the existence of various ethnic minorities now
living in the highlands of north and central
viet nam to the queens exodus.
- hung lang later changed the xich quy national
appellation into van lang (country of the lettered)
and called his reign hung quoc vuong.
- succeeding hung quoc vuong was hung hoa vuong
who was succeeded by his eldest son hung hy
vuong and the latter by hung huy.
- king hung huy vuong had 22 sons and was once
in a dilemma in his selection of the ablest
heir. he finally said to the princes: "who among
you could supply me with the best foodstuffs
ever known thus far as offerings to our forbears
altar from now to the years end will get the
throne."
- lang lieu, the kings ninth son and also the
most virtuous prince in a light sleep was instructed
by an angel to use rice and make of it two kinds
of pudding called banh day (round rice pudding)
and banh chung (square rice pudding). lang lieu
then won the race to the throne. and this is
the reason why on april 23 president nguyen
van thieu when commemorating hung vuong day
at tao dan park offered two famous puddings
to the altar of the patron saint, founder of
the nation.
- lang lieu came into power under the royal
appellation of hung chieu vuong and was succeeded
by hung vi vuong, hung dinh vuong, hung uy vuong,
hung trinh vuong, hung vu vuong, hung viet vuong,
hung anh vuong, hung trieu vuong, hung tao vuong
and hung nghi vuong.
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 in
short, under the hong bang dynasty with hung
kings as rulers, the van lang population really
enjoyed for long peace and prosperity and moral
excellence. particularly, king lac long quan
devoted much of his time to the dissemination,
among his subjects the practice of tattooing
as one of those measures against the threat
of river and lake monsters, and of using knives
and mattoxes made of stone for the promotion
of cereals cultivation. he also taught the van
lang people how to behave as good citizens and
practice good morals.
- successors to king lac long quan still put
into effect other innovations in the field of
agriculture and administration for the improvement
of the vang lang inhabitants welfare. for example,
they urged their subjects to make the most of
irrigation for the development of cultivated
areas, and divided the national territory into
departments, and set up a clear-cut administrative
channel with lac hau (civilian ranking officials)
and lac tuong (military officers) helping the
rulers in administrative and military affairs.
- hung kings also pushed ahead the promotion
of diplomatic ties with china in an effort to
better ensure the independence of van lang.
(on two occasions, hung kings appointed ambassadorial
delegations to visits of good will to china.
chinese annals acknowledged that at one time,
the bach viet king from the south offered through
a visiting delegation a giant turtle to emperor
ti yiu and at another time a white pheasant
to emperor tcheou chen kwan.
- hung kings outstanding achievements resulted
not only in the founding of viet nam of yore
as a nation but also in the establishment of
well- defined institutions, administrative,
social and economic which made up a civilization
of the viets own, entirely different from that
of the chinese.
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- the origin of hung kings largely remains the
product of viet nams legend. however, vestiges
of the hong bang dynasty such as the hung kings
temple in phu tho (north viet nam), the agricultural
implements made of stone discovered in son tay,
vinh yen, bac giang (north viet nam) and what
was recorded in the chinese annals of the bach
viet (100 principality) kingdom, south china
are evidences to the fact that the viets of
the prehistoric age did inaugurate a monarchical
dynasty which lasted for 18 generations under
the hung vuong appellation as several vietnamese
historians put it.
- "the 1972-commemoration of hung vuong day
has a much more magnificent meaning, especially
when north viet nam invades the south across
the demilitarized zone," minister of state in
charge if cultural affairs, mai tho truyen said.
- the reason, as president thieu defined it
in his message to the nation on the observance
of the day held april 23 at tao dan park, is
the worship of our ancestors who devoted themselves
to the ever-growing development of viet nam
as a nation now falls on the shoulders of the
south vietnamese people insofar as north viet
nam rulers denied their national ancestors and
adore marx and lenin as ideological fathers."
- reprinted from the vietnam press.
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